A thread runs through many cultures - literally. But what is it actually made of? Those who spin have a choice: animal, plant, or synthetic. Here we show you the wide variety of spinning materials and give you a concise overview of everything that can be spun.
What makes a fiber “spinnable”?
Not every fiber is automatically suitable for spinning - it depends on its structure. Spinnable fibers have a certain length, fineness, and feel. They can be twisted into a strong thread. Depending on how elastic, soft, or smooth they are, very different yarns are created—ideal for creative projects with character.
Animal fibers: The classic among spinning materials
Wool – the all-rounder
Sheep's wool is arguably the most well-known spinning fiber. Whether Merino, Bergschaf, or Jacobschaf, it is elastic, warm, and easy to spin. Carded or combed Merino wool is particularly popular with beginners because it is soft, even, and easy to control.
Alpaca & Lama – noble and thermoregulating
These fibers originate from South America and are known for their softness and warmth. They are hollow, lightweight, and stronger than sheep's wool. Alpaca is particularly suitable for sensitive skin because it contains no lanolin.
Camel – fine undercoat with luxury factor
Camels shed a fine undercoat annually, which can be collected and spun. The fiber is soft, insulating, and golden to brown, making them ideal for winter textiles with a natural charm.
Angora – fluffy but demanding
Angora rabbits produce superfine, soft fibers. Because of their shortness, it takes some practice. Tip: Angora blends well with Merino wool.
Cashmere & Mohair – for the finest handicrafts
Both fibers are among the finest spinning materials. Cashmere comes from goats, mohair from Angora goats. They are silky, shiny, and temperature-regulating—perfect for luxury yarns.
Silk – the only natural continuous fiber
Silk comes from the cocoon of the silkworm. It is extremely smooth, shiny, and tear-resistant. It glides easily through the fingers during spinning—a joy for advanced spinners. There are different types of silk: mulberry silk (very white, luxurious), tussah silk (naturally colored, more robust), or wild silk (from already hatched cocoons, animal-friendly).
Yak & Qiviut – rare treasure from cold regions
These fibers are warm, soft, and very fine. Qiviut (musk ox) is one of the most expensive natural fibers available. Those who work with it are dealing with a true gem.
Hair from Dogs and Cats – unusual, but possible
Some spinners use the combed-out undercoat of their pets. This is particularly suitable for long-haired breeds with fine, soft wool. Important: Wash thoroughly and, if necessary, mix with wool for better spinnability.
Plant fibers: vegan, robust, versatile
Cotton – soft but short-fibered
Cotton is the most widely used plant fiber. It's easy to spin, but requires some skill: the short, smooth fibers need more twist. Ideally, this is done on a special cotton spun yarn or with a spindle.
Flax (linen) – rich in tradition and long-lasting
Flax is the basis of linen and has been spun for thousands of years. The long bast fibers are tear-resistant but stiffer than wool. Spinning requires skill, but the result is compelling—cool, smooth, and ecological.
Hemp – robust & ecological
Hemp grows quickly, requires little water, and produces strong, resilient fibers. The spinning process is similar to that of flax. The finished yarn is suitable for sturdy fabrics, bags, table linens, and creative upcycling projects.
Ramie & Nettle – surprisingly versatile
These bast fibers are less well-known, but perfectly spinnable. Ramie has a sheen almost like silk, while nettle is durable and was once used for workwear. Both can be used alone or as an additive.
Regenerated & synthetic fibers: Modern, smooth, blendable
Regenerated fibers include viscose, modal, and lyocell. They are based on cellulose but are industrially processed. The result: very smooth, shiny fibers that combine well with animal or plant fibers.
Purely synthetic fibers like polyester or nylon are less popular for hand spinning. They are slippery and feel "cold." However, blended with synthetic fibers, they can add durability and shine.
Fiber comparison: Which one is right for me?
| fiber | Origin | Characteristics | Spinning difficulty | Ideal for |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Merino wool | sheep | soft, elastic, warm | light | Beginners, everyday yarn |
| alpaca | Animal | soft, light, heat-insulating | medium | fine cloths, clothing |
| Cotton | Vegetable | short-fibered, soft | medium to difficult | vegan projects, summer yarn |
| silk | Animal | smooth, shiny, tear-resistant | difficult | Luxury yarn, scarves, shawls |
| flax | Vegetable | smooth, cooling, tear-resistant | medium | Table linen, clothing |
| Angora | Animal | extremely soft, fluffy | difficult | Hats, scarves (with admixture) |
| hemp | Vegetable | robust, sustainable | medium | Bags, sturdy fabrics |
Tips for spinning different materials
- Test spinning is worthwhile: Not every fiber feels the same when spun. Small amounts are enough to get a feel for it.
- Mixing allowed: Smooth fibers (e.g. silk) are easier to spin with curly ones (e.g. wool).
- Adjust tool selection: Different flyers or spindles are suitable for short fibers (e.g. cotton) than for long fibers.
- Patience and practice: New materials take time—that's perfectly normal. Especially challenging fibers like angora or flax reward you with truly unique yarns.
Conclusion: Spinning knows (almost) no boundaries
Whether animal hair, plant fiber, or modern blends, the world of spinnable materials is vast. Each fiber brings its own history, texture, and challenges. That's what makes spinning so exciting: you're constantly learning and discovering new combinations and possibilities.
In our online shop spinningwheelsdirect.com you will find a fine selection of spinning wheels, hand spindles and, of course, a wide variety of fibers – so that your next spinning project is guaranteed to be a success.
